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Nursing, Research paper

Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal.

Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by an autoimmune reaction that leads to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Diabetic complications: microvascular and macrovascular are linked to poor management of the disease. Consequently, the disease has a huge economic impact. A significant amount of money is channeled to the management of diabetes mellitus. A decrease in the productivity of diabetic patients has a negative economic impact. Tight glycemic control is essential in managing diabetes mellitus because it lowers the risk of complications. Severe hypoglycemia can accompany tight glycemic control. A patient-interprofessional collaboration helps to avert the possibility of severe hypoglycemia. Therefore, tight glycemic control initiated by an interprofessional team will help to reduce diabetic complications, increase the patient’s quality of life and decrease the negative economic impact of the disease.

The proposed policy that will lead to improved outcomes among type 1 diabetic patient consists of two main strategies. The first strategy is advocating for interprofessional collaboration in managing all diabetic patients. The second strategy is the use of public awareness campaigns. The first strategy recognizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach of nurses, physicians, dieticians, and pharmacists in tight glycemic control (Szafran et al., 2019). The second strategy targets diabetic patients, prediabetic patients, and healthy individuals. This strategy ensures that the incidences of diabetes mellitus decrease and the mortality and morbidity rates of the existing cases lowers.

Healthcare providers involved in the care of a diabetic patient include nurses, physicians, dieticians, and pharmacists. The policy aims at promoting collaboration among these healthcare providers. Their collaboration will ensure that tight glycemic control is achieved and the risk of severe hypoglycemia averted. Pharmacists should provide concise instructions on the use of insulin. They should ensure the right dose and dosing frequency are prescribed (Ray et al., 2020). Any drug interaction should be identified and make the necessary adjustments after consulting physicians. Pharmacists should use drug calendars to improve patient compliance. Patients must know when to administer insulin to decrease the risk of hypoglycemia or postprandial hyperglycemia. Furthermore, they should educate the patient on insulin administration sites and demonstrate the injection process.

Dieticians should ensure that patients’ diets reflect the treatment goals. They should advise the patient on the importance of modifying their meals. Examples of such modifications include meal size, meal frequency, the timing of the meals, and the type of meal (Koliaki et al., 2020). The dietician should develop a diet plan indicating the number of calories consumed daily and the distribution of calories between normal meals and snacks. Ideally, breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a snack should comprise 20, 35, 30, and 15 percent of daily calories, respectively (Zie et al., 2020).

Furthermore, modifications should be made when complications occur. An example is a reduction in protein intake when diabetic nephropathy occurs. Fresh fruits and vegetables, smoking, and alcohol cessation should be adopted. Adequate diet modifications lower the risk of hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia during tight glycemic control.

Physicians facilitate the diagnosis of diabetes. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment improve the prognosis of the disease. They should discuss the treatment plan with patients and choose the best regimen. They should educate the patient on the importance of compliance and self-monitoring. Self-monitoring entails identifying signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as headaches and confusion (Reeves et al., 2017). Patients should always carry sugar cubes to manage hypoglycemia. They should perform regular patient monitoring to identify microvascular or macrovascular complications and initiate early management.

Nurses should educate the patient on the importance of lifestyle modifications such as avoiding sedentary lifestyles. They should ensure that the right doses of insulin are administered to in-patients. Patients should be taught the skill required for self-injection of insulin (Abou-hafs, 2018). Nurses should educate the patient on how to monitor their glucose levels using techniques such as fingerstick tests. Furthermore, they should provide appropriate health care services such as foot care when complications arise.

Public awareness campaigns target diabetic, prediabetic patients, and healthy individuals. The campaigns will focus on the importance of tight glycemic control, how to avert severe hypoglycemia associated with glycemic control, and lifestyle modifications. The public awareness committee will consist of healthcare providers. The healthcare providers will draft guidelines that suit the specific population. Trained physicians, nurses, dieticians, and pharmacists will provide education on administering insulin and the importance of compliance. Lifestyle modification strategies such as regular aerobic exercise will be emphasized (Koliaki et al., 2020). The public will be taught how to identify signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and their management. Furthermore, the importance of regular screening will be emphasized. Screening helps to identify the disease in its early stages and allows treatment to be initiated.

Public awareness campaigns will be accomplished through mass media campaigns and education at the community level. The committee will work with the local, State, and Federal governments to facilitate the campaigns. Regular campaigns will be conducted. The effectiveness of these campaigns will be evaluated annually through community surveys and the monitoring of patients. Feedback from these evaluations will be used to improve subsequent campaigns. Well-conducted regular campaigns will improve patient compliance, ensure tight glycemic control, and decrease severe hypoglycemia cases.

Interprofessional collaboration and public awareness campaigns can help achieve tight glycemic control and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemia accompanying treatment. Interprofessional collaboration allows the patient to interact with all healthcare providers and deeply understand the disease process and its management. This can promote compliance and tight glycemic control, decrease complications, and lower the costs incurred on treatment. Public awareness campaigns target a larger audience. Diabetic, prediabetic, and healthy people benefit from public awareness campaigns.

References.

Abou-hafs, A. (2018). Nurse´s role in diabetes management : Challenges and facilitators.

Koliaki, C., Tentolouris, A., Eleftheriadou, I., Melidonis, A., Dimitriadis, G., & Tentolouris, N. (2020). Clinical Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Era of COVID-19: Practical Issues, Peculiarities, and Concerns. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(7), 2288. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072288

Ray, S., Lokken, J., Whyte, C., Baumann, A., & Oldani, M. (2020). The impact of a pharmacist-driven, collaborative practice on diabetes management in an Urban underserved population: a mixed-method assessment. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2019.1633289

Reeves, S., Pelone, F., Harrison, R., Goldman, J., & Zwarenstein, M. (2017). Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000072.pub3

Szafran, O., Kennett, S. L., Bell, N. R., & Torti, J. M. I. (2019). Interprofessional collaboration in diabetes care: Perceptions of family physicians practicing in or not in a primary health care team. BMC Family Practice, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-0932-9

Zie, G., Kerr, Z. Y., & Moore, J. B. (2020). Universal Healthcare in the United States of America : A Healthy Debate. 1–7.

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Question 

Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal.

PART 2 of 3 part Assignment (Part #1, Order# 38885)
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OVERVIEW:
Develop a 2–4-page proposal for a policy that should help to improve health care and outcomes for your target population.

Note: Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.

Cost and access to care continue to be main concerns for patients and providers. As technology improves our ability to care for and improve outcomes in patients with chronic and complex illnesses, questions of cost and access become increasingly important. As a master’s-prepared nurse, you must be able to develop policies that will ensure the delivery of care that is effective and can be provided in an ethical and equitable manner.
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INSTRUCTIONS:

Scenario:

Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal.

Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal.


The analysis of position papers that your interprofessional team presented to the committee has convinced them that it would be worth the time and effort to develop a new policy to address your specific issue in the target population. To that end, your interprofessional team has been asked to submit a policy proposal that outlines a specific approach to improving the outcomes for your target population. This proposal should be supported by evidence and best practices that illustrate why the specific approaches are likely to be successful. Additionally, you have been asked to address the ways in which applying your policy to interprofessional teams could lead to efficiency or effectiveness gains.

Instructions
For this assessment you will develop a policy proposal that seeks to improve the outcomes for the health care issue and target population you addressed in Assessment 1.The bullet points below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Be sure that your submission addresses all of them. You may also want to read the Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal Scoring Guide and Guiding Questions: Biopsychosocial Population Health Policy Proposal to better understand how each grading criterion will be assessed.

  1. 1. Propose a policy and guidelines that will lead to improved outcomes and quality of care for a specific issue in a target population.
  2. 2. Advocate the need for a proposed policy in the context of current outcomes and quality of care for a specific issue in a target population.
  3. 3. Analyze the potential for an interprofessional approach to implementing a proposed policy to increase the efficiency or effectiveness of the care setting to achieve high-quality outcomes.
  4. 4. Communicate proposal in a professional and persuasive manner, writing content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
  5. 5. Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.

Example Assessment: You may use the assessment example, linked in the Assessment Example section of the Resources, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.

Additional Requirements:

  1. 1. Length of proposal: 2–4 double-spaced, typed pages, not including title page or reference list. Your proposal should be succinct yet substantive.
  2. 2. Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3–5 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that supports the relevance of or need for your policy, as well as interprofessional considerations. Resources should be no more than five years old.
  3. 3. APA formatting: Use the APA Style Paper Template linked in the Resources. An APA Style Paper Tutorial is also provided to help you in writing and formatting your analysis.

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SUGGESTED RESOURCES:

Access to Care:

  1. 1. Brooks, E., Dailey, N. K., Bair, B. D., & Shore, J. H. (2016) Listening to the patient: Women veterans’ insights about health care needs, access, and quality in rural areas. Military Medicine, 181(9), 976–981.
  2. 2. Caldwell, J. T., Ford, C. L., Wallace, S. P., Wang, M. C., & Takahashi, L. M. (2016). Intersection of living in a rural versus urban area and race/ethnicity in explaining access to health care in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 106(8), 1463–1469.
  3. 3. Linder, J. A. & Levine, D. M. (2016). Health care communication technology and improved access, continuity, and relationships: The revolution will be Uberized. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(5), 643–644.

Pathophysiology:

  1. 1. Maulsby, C., Valdiserri, R. O., Kim, J. J., Mahon, N., Flynn, A., Eriksson, E., . . . Holtgrave, D. R. (2016). The global engagement in care convening: Recommended actions to improve health outcomes for people living with HIV. AIDS Education & Prevention, 28(5), 405–416.
  2. 2. Pranavchand, R., & Reddy, M. (2016). Genomics era and complex disorders: Implications of GWAS with special reference to coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancers. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 62(3), 188–198.

Pharmacology:

  1. 1. Bland, J. (2016). Where is health care headed? Integrative Medicine, 15(3), 16–18.

Policy:

  1. 1. Durbin, A., Durbin, J., Hensel, J., & Deber, R. (2016). Barriers and enablers to integrating mental health into primary care: A policy analysis. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 43(1), 127–139.
  2. 2. Gershon, R., Morris, L., & Ferguson, W. (2016). Including language access into Medicaid ACO design. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 44(3), 492–502.
  3. 3. Shariff, N. (2014). Factors that act as facilitators and barriers to nurse leaders’ participation in health policy development. BMC Nursing, 13, 20.

Technology:

  1. 1. Ramsey, A., Lord, S., Torrey, J., Marsch, L., & Lardiere, M. (2016). Paving the way to successful implementation: Identifying key barriers to use of technology-based therapeutic tools for behavioral health care. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 43(1), 54–70.