Social Determinants Of Health
Social determinants of health are conditions in the environment in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affects a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks (Healthy People 2020, 2019). Some examples of social determinants of health include; the availability of resources to meet daily needs (safe housing), access to educational, economic, and job opportunities, access to health care, public safety, exposure to crime, violence or war, social norms and attitudes (discrimination), socioeconomic conditions (poverty), or culture just to name a few. Physical determinants include a person’s natural environment or weather, the built environment (roads, buildings), worksite, schools and recreational areas, housing, exposure to hazardous and toxic substances, and physical barriers.
The conditions a person lives in help to explain why some people are healthier than others. Healthy People 2020 identified five key elements of social determinants of health. These are economic stability, education, social and community context, health and health care, and neighborhood and built environment. It is known that poverty limits a person’s access to nutritional foods and a safe neighborhood (CDC, 2018). All of these elements contribute to a person’s ability to maintain good health. These health disparities or impairments related to social, economic, or environmental disadvantages, such as poverty, poor housing, poor sanitary conditions, water contamination, and poor or inadequate health care, are a few of the social determinants that lead to a risk of illness.
The communicable disease chain represents the pathway of disease transmission. The infectious agent lives in a reservoir. An event occurs that causes the reservoir to release the infecting agent through a portal of exit. The infecting agent is then transmitted to a host, where it searches for a portal of entry. A susceptible host will develop an infection from the invading organism (Green, 2019). Breaking any link on the chain of infection can prevent the occurrence of a new infection. Practicing infection control measures such as hand-washing, covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or cloth when coughing or sneezing, and proper disposal of used tissues or cloths breaks the chain at transmission. Vaccination, if available for the particular organism, can break the chain at the portal of entry or susceptible host (Chain of Infection, 2019).
References:
CDC. (2018). Social Determinants of Health: Know What Affects Health. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/
Chain of Infection. (2019). Retrieved from: https://lc.gcumedia.com/nsg403c/chain-of infection/chain-of-infection-v1.1.html
Green, S. (2019). Community and Public Health: The Future of Health Care. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs427vn/community-and-public-health-the-future-of-health care/v1.1/#/chapter/2
Healthy People 2020. (2019). Social Determinants of Health. Retrieved from: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=39
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What are the social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease.
Social Determinants Of Health
Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Evaluate the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
Additional resources
https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health
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