Types Of Operating Rooms

Types Of Operating Rooms

Introduction

The operating room (OR), also known as the surgery center, is where the surgery takes place. They are clean and well-organized environments. It does, however, have non-sterile areas and personnel such as circulating nurses, students, technicians, and anesthesiologists. Surgical team members must work together in operating rooms to ensure the patient’s safety and care. Before the surgical procedure, a healthcare provider must be present in the OR to prepare and ensure that all necessary equipment is available. Surgical teams are in charge of the operating room and decide how an operation will be carried out. Specific steps must be taken when entering an OR to keep the environment sterile and to limit the spread of microorganisms.

Operating rooms are classified into several types based on the type of surgery performed. The primary reason for different types of operating rooms is that they require different personnel and equipment (Zhu et al., 2019). Operating rooms differ from procedure rooms in that they are separated by a sterile corridor and are used for primary or open surgery, typically involving general anesthesia. Procedure rooms are primarily used for minor surgery like closed endoscopic and gastrointestinal procedures. A sterile operating environment is not required in procedure rooms.

Various types of operating rooms

Operating room hybrid

Imaging, such as MR, CT, or C-arm, is used to determine requirements in hybrid operating rooms. When the patient should not be moved during the operation to reduce inconvenience and risk, imaging is brought adjacent or into the operation space. The hybrid OR is intended to allow the patient to remain in the room during the scan while still being anesthetized (Jin et al., 2021). In a system with two or more rooms, the patient must be moved into the adjacent room for scanning, which increases the risk of inaccuracy due to the possibility of reference system movement. The patient remains in the same room during hybrid OR, and the imaging systems are brought in. Mobile systems in a hybrid OR have several advantages, including lower costs and the ability to use imaging in multiple rooms.

The main advantage of hybrid OR is that it scans the affected body part and immediately forwards and uses it in the operating systems. With the most recent data, the surgeon can continue operating in a riskier area such as the brain. Hybrid ORs allow for the combination of image-guided procedures and minimally invasive procedures. Endovascular, vascular, cardiac, spinal, neurological, and minimally invasive surgeries are the most common applications. Intraoperative imaging is important in these operations because it ensures quality in complex surgeries.

The effectiveness of a hybrid OR is determined by its strategic placement, so location and space are critical. Its location is determined by the procedures performed, the types of equipment used, the flow of staff and patients, and the size of the room. It must have a floor area of at least 600 square feet and be as large as 1.5X. (Langlands, 2018). This space is critical because hybrid ORs require extra room for equipment. The space should also allow for operational procedures to be flexible. The FGI stated in 2018 that hybrid operating rooms should be larger than standard operating rooms, have a clear floor, and have a storage area for imaging equipment.

Integrated Digital OR

An operating room integration function connects the OR environment by integrating the patient’s information, video, audio, room lights, medical equipment, building automation, and surgical lights. Because integrated surgical equipment can be manipulated and controlled by one person from the central command area, surgeons and users can control it quickly and effectively.

In comparison, pulling wires from a non-integrated OR may disrupt the surgery and even damage the equipment. When surgical equipment is placed on a surgical table, for example, the surgeon pulls up the one they require and pushes it back after use. The circulating nurse circulates around the equipment, changing settings as directed by the surgeon, such as adjusting lighting, capturing an image, or increasing pressure. The cords and cables of the equipment lying on the path or even under the feet of the surgical teams may cause an accident, disrupting the operating procedures.

In an integrated OR, on the other hand, there are no cables or cords on the floor because they are routed through conduits and inside the articulating arms of the ceiling-mounted lights. The circulating nurses work from the central control area, accessing the equipment and carrying out surgeon command commands via computer. Some systems are even more advanced and include voice recognition and activation, allowing the surgeon to control the system directly while wearing a wireless headset.

The integrated system enables the surgical team to share real-time surgical videos for consultation or teaching purposes (Zhao et al., 2019). It also ensures that the surgical video and images are combined with the patient record for accurate documentation. Furthermore, by controlling all of the equipment from a single location, integrated OR saves time. Integrated operating rooms are primarily used for minimally invasive surgeries. As a specialized operating space, an integrated OR requires more than 400 square feet of space, according to Langlands (2018).

The rise in unstructured data from intraoperative imaging, videos, and surgical documentation has increased the interest in and importance of targeting and managing correct and accurate data in operating rooms. The primary reason for incorporating digital devices into an operating room is to streamline and collect enriched data prior to, during, and after surgery. Documentation, integration, communication, and patient outcomes have all improved thanks to digital systems. The goal of the digital OR is to integrate all information, images, and workflow in the room. It enables the display of images from various sources on the screens mounted in the OR. It performs the same function as integrated OR.

Operating room for outpatients

Minor surgical procedures that do not necessitate patient hospitalization are performed in an outpatient operating room. In this surgery, most patients leave the operating room within one to four hours. This OR can be performed with or without anesthesia equipment. The majority of surgeries performed in this OR are type A, such as breast augmentation, and type B, such as spinal, pediatric, or extended procedures. The floor area of the outpatient OR without anesthesia equipment is 255 square feet (Langlands, 2018). In comparison, the one with anesthesia should have 270 square feet because the aesthesia machine storage takes up an additional 48 square feet.

Part 2

Type of

Types of

Type of

Generator

Med-gas

Minimal

Air filtration

 

operating room	surgeries	anesthesia used during surgery	requirements for a power outage	count requirements	room size	requirements
Hybrid inpatient OR	Any invasive operation which may require a life support machine and requiring physiological monitoring	Any anesthesia may be administered provided exhaust systems and anesthesia gas administration devices are in place	Type one electrical emergency may be installed to operate in case of electrical problems or power shortage automatically. The unit should support a scaled-down electrical load (MacGou, 2018).	The room should have a proper ventilation system that is continually working and can draw air 12 inches from the ground.	Have a minimum floor area of 600 SF with minimal CFA	Should have 20 primary pressure supply, diffuser extended to more than 20 inches past the surgical table. (Gurry, 2018)
Outpatient   OR without	Excision of   small mass	Local   anesthesia or	Type one   electrical	Per the smoke   compartment,	The floor   should	Should have 20   primary

anesthesia equipment	Cataract removal Correction podiatry Hammertoe cystoscopy	monitored anesthesia care can be administered without anesthesia equipment	emergency may be installed to operate in case of electrical problems or power shortage automatically. The unit should support a scaled-down electrical load.	Gas cylinders should be secured appropriately using chains or n racks. They can also be installed in an exposed corridor instead of an enclosed room. The system should provide a stable med gas supply through pipes fed to various outlets.	not be below 255 square feet (Langlan ds, 2018).	pressure supply, diffuser extended to more than 20 inches past the surgical table.
Outpatient OR with anesthesia equipment	Type A Augmentation Breast Mini tummy	A general medication via mas or propofol can	Type one electrical emergency may be	Per the smoke compartment, Gas cylinders should be	The floor area should not be	Should have 20 primary pressure supply, diffuser

tuck Type B Extended surgery Spinal fusion Pediatric

be used or Gas anesthesia or intubation

installed to operate in case of electrical problems or power shortage automatically. The unit should support a scaled-down electrical load.

secured appropriately using chains or n racks. They can also be installed in an exposed corridor instead of an enclosed room. The system should provide a stable med gas supply through pipes fed to various outlets.

less than 270 square feet.

extended to more than 20 inches past the surgical table

References

Gurry, W. (2018). Proper airflow in surgery: Protects patients and the bottom line (HVAC).

Jin, H., Lu, L., Liu, J., & Cui, M. (2021). A systematic review on the application of the hybrid operating room in surgery: experiences and challenges. Updates in Surgery, 1-13.

Langlands, B. (2018). The 2018 FGI guideline.

MacGougan, M. (2018). How to protect your organization from an electrical power outage.

Zhao, F., Zhang, Y., Wang, D., & Wang, C. (2019). Standardized Management of Digital Integrated Operating Room.

Zhu, S., Fan, W., Yang, S., Pei, J., & Pardalos, P. M. (2019). Operating room planning and surgical case scheduling: a review of the literature. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 37(3), 757-805.

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Assignment Content

As a health care manager, it is important to understand the types of operating rooms and necessary requirements. In this assignment, you will explore the Facility Guidelines Institute (FGIs) to review 3 types of operating rooms and their requirements.

Complete the Types Operating Rooms worksheet, assignment worksheet attached.

Cite at least 2 reputable references used to complete your worksheet. One reference must be from the journals/magazine listed in the weekly resources (i.e., Modern Healthcare, Healthcare Design). Reputable references include trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, or other sources of similar quality.

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.