Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. Deductive reasoning or “deductive approach is concerned with developing a hypothesis based on an existing theory and then designing a research strategy to test the hypothesis” (Dudovskiy, 2018, para. 1). Quantitative research starts with a hypothesis, and data is collected and analyzed to prove or disprove the hypothesis. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and the mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Different designs of Quantitative research are Descriptive, correlational, and quasi-experimental, to name a few. This paper will focus on the critique and ethical consideration of two quantitative articles on integrating a communication system to help improve patient flow in the emergency department.
Background of the study
Unclear and ineffective communication between healthcare providers is a common underlying cause of patient injuries in healthcare. (Gawande, Zinner,Studdert, &Brennan, 2003). Therefore, it is for patient safety and to provide evidence-based practice care that medical professionals should communicate with one another with a Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations (SBAR) model or the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan. ( SOAP) framework model The SOAP note originated from the problem-oriented medical record (POMR) developed by Lawrence Weed, MD. SBAR has been suggested as a means to facilitate communication that is effective and accurate between healthcare professionals. (Beckett & Kippins, 2009). Without proper communication of what was done for a patient, what the situation is and what the baseline assessment reveals, and the recommendation, we as nurses would not be providing evidence-based care and would not have a positive outcome with our patient.
How do these articles support the nurse practice issue?
In order to move patients faster in the emergency department, once a patient is admitted unless the patient is admitted to the Intensive Care Unit ( ICU), then an SBAR or SOAP form report should be sent immediately after a bed has been assigned, and the nurse should review the report within 15 minutes, and the patient should be moved to assigned bed within that 15 minutes time frame. In the case of an ICU patient, the Emergency room nurse should either give a bedside report or call a report to the nurse receiving the patient. Once an inpatient bed is assigned, the SBAR should be electronically sent to the unit, and the team leader or the nurse receiving the patient should review and call the emergency room nurse with any questions that they may have regarding that particular patient.
Methods of the Study
There are four main categories of quantitative research: descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental research (Grand Canyon University, 2019). The research articles used in this paper are descriptive, comparative pre and post-intervention designs to collect data, also a quantitative study to develop an annotated reference standard with the SOAP framework and determine what combinations of feature types are necessary for building an accurate SOAP classifier.
Results of the study
The pre-questionnaire was answered by 116 staff members before the implementation of the SBAR, and post questionnaire was answered by 89 staff members after the implementation of the SBAR. It was reported that communications with other staff members on patient conditions were more structured and efficient as compared to before the introduction of the SBAR model. The majority of the study participants reported that SBAR was very helpful and provided a structured guideline even when reporting orally on a patient’s condition. SBAR helps decrease reporting time, which in turn helps with the decongestion of the emergency department. The patient was safer with the implementation of the SBAR model as it reduces the risk of miscommunications and missed information when verbally reporting. With the SOAP model, the annotator had to modify sentence classifiers to correct the most prevalent information as far as objective data and assessment.
Outcomes Comparison
The study showed that SBAR was perceived to be a good structure to use when reporting a patient’s condition. This was also known in the study by Beckett and Kipnis (2009).
Conclusion
The SBAR model is effective when communicating and helps in enhancing patient safety. However, it is imperative to practice and implement this form of communication as a routine to help in the success and improve patient better reporting and patient safety also, promote faster transport to inpatient beds, and help the patient flow in the emergency department.
References
Bloom, L., Petersson, P., Hagell, P., Westergren, A. (2015). The Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (SBAR) Model for Communication between Health Care Professionals: A Clinical Intervention Pilot Study. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8,530.
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Question 
Using two quantitative studies as references: PICOT: Do nurses that do self-care activities have less burnout when compared to nurses who do not do self-care activities over a period of 6 months?
Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Bandeira Bezerra, C. M., & Figueiredo De Martino, M. M. (2016, October 15). View of stress and Burnout Syndrome In Hospital Nurses: A descriptive study: Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing. View of Stress and burnout syndrome in hospital nurses: a descriptive study | Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing. https://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/nursing/article/view/5525/pdf_1
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Mindfulness-Based, Workplace Group Yoga Intervention on Burnout, Self-Care, and Compassion in Health Care Professionals. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62 (8), 581-587. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001892. https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/rough-draft-quantitative-research-critique-and-ethical-considerations-19826615