Cultural and Ethical Implications in Research
Ethical Implications
Human subjects’ research is conducted for systematic collection and analysis of data from which conclusions can be generalized. The research is used in the improvement of care for future unknown beneficiaries. The human participants’ main role in research is to be the primary data source. This differs from the setting in clinical medicine, where therapeutic and diagnostic interventions are carried out or suggested to benefit the present patient. Consequently, although several ethical issues cross in clinical medicine and research, the ethical concerns in research that uses human subjects are not the same as those that arise in the therapeutic and diagnostic context (Resnik, 2015).
Miller, Goyal, & Wice (2015) point out that ethical values that are most salient and implicated by utilizing human participants are trust, fidelity, non-maleficence, and beneficence within the participant/ investigator relationship, autonomy, and personal dignity. These values pertain to competent, voluntary, and informed decision-making as well as personal information privacy. These, along with other ethical concerns, are catered for by regulatory structures that deal with research on human subjects. Healthcare professionals around the globe involved in different research aspects involving human beings should be cognizant of the regulations that impact the activities they engage in and in their specific jurisdiction as well as the ethical principles that underlie the local legal rules’ application (Arifin, 2018).
Cultural Implications
Issues such as inaccurate findings, community damage, and exploitation are some of the main concerns when it comes to minority and ethnic participants. Most of the western thinking is characterized by universal and individual conceptualizations and is what is used in informing norms in academic research, whereas many ethnic and cultural worldviews encompass specific and collectivist norms. Putney (2019) adds that a number of aspects need to be put into consideration when human subjects are used in research. These aspects include power, control, research design, and data ownership
The notion of power can be less of a problem for a community when a researcher becomes part of the community rather than entering as an interloper or expert. Creating a partnership with the research participants (as a group and as individuals) can reduce the possibility of unintentionally insensitive or unethical treatment or action. Controlling the community in cross-cultural research demands that the research processes empower the community by showing respect for belief systems and cultural values. This links to a basis that ensures consent made by participants is always informed. When researchers conduct a scientific inquiry, they should employ a participatory and community-based methodology, which, through its design, ensures relationship among parties is more equitable through the constructs of its partnerships. Ownership of data has also become more articulated as a cause of major concern for research participants and, more so, those from marginalized groups. Some ethical issues can be avoided if the results of the data collected are shared, including data ownership within the partnership. Doing so will ensure that informed consent is an ongoing process that participants will willingly give to researchers.
Okazaki & Sue (2016) point out that one of the benefits of considering cross-cultural or multicultural research ethics is limiting the power of principles moral power when the said principles are not in line with the situation. However, this can also potentially delimit equality and fairness. The only behavior that is unethical is intolerance of cultural values and norms. Hence, the main challenge that researchers need to overcome is the relativist nature of human beings while simultaneously maintaining high levels of tolerance. Polit & Beck (2018) add that the research implications for investigators lie in non-adherence to any universal ethic in the design and conduction of research while at the same time respecting the specific contextual norms of ethics of a particular ethnic or social group. One way to deal with such differences in cultural norms is through researchers becoming flexible.
References
Arifin, S. R. M. (2018). Ethical considerations in qualitative study. International Journal of Care Scholars, 1(2), 30-33.
Miller, J. G., Goyal, N., & Wice, M. (2015). Ethical considerations in research on human development and culture. The Oxford handbook of human development and culture, 14-27.
Okazaki, S., & Sue, S. (2016). Methodological issues in assessment research with ethnic minorities.
Polit, D. F., & Beck C. T. (2018) Essentials of Nursing Research Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. Publisher: Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
Putney, S. B. (2019). International Research with Human Subjects. A Guide to the Scientific Career: Virtues, Communication, Research and Academic Writing, 211-218.
Resnik, D. B. (2015). What is ethics in research & why is it important. National Institute of Environmental health sciences.
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Question 
Cultural and Ethical Implications in Research
Discuss the cultural and ethical implications when selecting human subjects for research.
Use references from scholarly literature to support your posting.
Cultural and Ethical Implications in Research
The paper should be written according to APA format. This includes a title page, body of text, and reference page.
Paper must include a minimum of two citations: one from a peer-reviewed nursing journal (less than 5 years old) and one from the course textbook. National professional, governmental, or educational websites (.org, .gov, and .edu) may be used as supplemental references.
Course textbook: Essentials of Nursing Research Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice
- Author(s): Polit, D. F., & Beck C. T. (2018)
- Publisher: Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer