Annotated Bibliography on Barcode Technology in Nursing

Electronic Medication Administration with Barcoding

My topic of choice is electronic medication administration with barcoding. My rationale for choosing this technology topic is based on the fact that medication administration errors are common in most healthcare organizations, posing a threat to the safety and quality of care delivered to patients. I am interested in this technology because it has been identified with increased levels of patient safety, particularly in the administration of medication, by increasing accuracy during the medication administration process, hence lessening medication errors. I made use of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and the Capella University Library as my databases. The key search terms used were “Electronic medication administration with barcoding.”

Annotated Bibliography

Naidu, M., & Alicia, Y. L. Y. (2019). Impact of barcode medication administration and electronic medication administration record system in clinical practice for an effective medication administration process. Health, 11(05), 511. doi: 10.4236/health.2019.115044.

This article focuses on the effect that barcode medication administration, in accompaniment with the electronic medication administration record system, has on the medication administration process. This source cites human factors such as fatigue, inattention while handling medication, and workload as responsible for most medication errors. To prevent such errors and improve patient safety, the authors suggest the use of barcode medication administration and an electronic medication administration record system. These technologies are said to have the ability to prevent unduly near-misses and medication errors, which are common in healthcare facilities. The technology works by ensuring that the right patient gets the right medication following the five rights and the information that is encrypted in the barcodes on every medication pack as well as patient’s barcode identification tag to enable nurses to scan and verify the necessary details before every medication administration. The relevance of this technology to nursing practice and the interdisciplinary team, particularly nurses, pharmacists, and physicians, is that it would help improve the quality and safety of care by lessening medication errors as well as costs associated with such errors. The interdisciplinary team needs to undergo proper training and education to facilitate the safety of use and knowledge of troubleshooting to lessen process failure if the equipment fails. This article offers in-depth insight into barcode technology, including important information like implementation, the general process of change, and staff resistance, and recommends ways of overcoming implementation challenges (such as effective communication), hence making it one of the key articles for the research.

Truitt, E., Thompson, R., Blazey-Martin, D., Nisai, D., & Salem, D. (2016). Effect of the implementation of barcode technology and an electronic medication administration record on adverse drug events. Hospital Pharmacy, 51 (6), 474-483. doi: 10.1310/hpj5106-474

This article focuses on the impact of barcode medication administration and electronic medication administration record technology on adverse drug events. Having conducted research on this topic, the authors report that this technology enhances patient safety by lessening the general rate of transcription errors and adverse drug events. The technologies also lessened the harmful effect on patients caused by medication administration errors. The relevance of this technology to nursing practice is that it helps improve patient safety and quality of care by lessening cases of adverse drug events. The electronic medication administration record technology impacted the work of the interdisciplinary team, particularly nurses and pharmacists, by enhancing communication between them and lessening transcription errors. This article was selected because it is primary research that narrows down to the efficacy of barcode technology on adverse drug events, revealing that the technology can indeed improve patient safety and care.

Strudwick, G., Reisdorfer, E., Warnock, C., Kalia, K., Sulkers, H., Clark, C., & Booth, R. (2017). Factors Associated With Barcode Medication Administration Technology That Contribute to Patient Safety. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 0(0), 1-7.

The focus of this research is on the effect that barcode administration technology has on medication errors and the manner in which nurses make use of such technologies. This source reveals that when properly used and implemented, barcode medication administration technology improves patient safety by lessening medication administration errors. The authors suggest that this technology impacts the nursing practice by requiring nurses to assess whether the barcode technologies are fully utilized for patient safety, and scanning needs to be done to determine nurses or clinical areas that require extra support in their use of the technology. This technology is relevant to the work of the interdisciplinary healthcare team because it facilitates a streamlined workflow, but when improperly implemented due to factors such as rigid systems that fail to support the workflows of the interdisciplinary team, then workarounds like nursing cheat sheets are observed. This article is useful in this study because it provides information on why barcode technologies might fail and offers recommendations on what could be done to facilitate the smooth implementation of barcode technology.

Macias, M., Bernabeu-Andreu, F. A., Arribas, I., Navarro, F., & Baldominos, G. (2018). Impact of a Barcode Medication Administration System on Patient Safety. In Oncology Nursing Forum, 45(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1188/18.ONF.E1-E13

This primary research article focuses on the effect of barcode medication administration system on patient safety, particularly in an onco-hematology day unit. The authors recommend the use of barcode medication administration because it is associated with a significant reduction in medication administration errors (up to 81 percent reduction) by allowing nurses to verify the five rights of medication administration (dose, route, time, drug, and patient). The study has major implications for nursing practice since the barcode medication administration system is considered a useful technology for checking the five rights of medication administration. The authors outline the importance of an interprofessional team, particularly oncology nurses, who are said to play a major role in the success of the maintenance and implementation of the barcode technology. This article was selected because it ventured into a unit (oncology) with little research regarding barcode technology’s efficacy in lessening medication administration errors.

Thompson, K. M., Swanson, K. M., Cox, D. L., Kirchner, R. B., Russell, J. J., Wermers, R. A., … & Naessens, J. M. (2018). Implementation of barcode medication administration to reduce patient harm. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 2(4), 342-351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.09.001

This primary research article assesses the effect of barcode medication administration technology on medication administration error rates in an inpatient setting. The authors analyzed the effect of barcode technologies in hospitals between 2007 and 2013. During this time, they recorded a 43.5 percent reduction in medication administration errors. The rate of harmful medication errors is said to have reduced to 0.29 per 100,000 medications, down from 0.65 per 100,000 medications before the intervention. A total 55.4 percent reduction in actual patient harm events were recorded, hence outlining the positive effect of the barcode technology in enhancing patient safety and care. The study has important nursing practice implications because it informs on ways of lessening harms caused by medication administration errors so as to improve patient care and safety and also reduce the legal, reputational, and other costs associated with such patient harms. The authors claim that some of the errors that occurred after the implementation of the barcode technology were linked to communication errors, discharge planning, and failure to comprehend risks. Factors related to communication errors outline the importance of training and effective communication among members of the interdisciplinary team to facilitate increased efficacy of the technology in lessening medical administration errors and improving patient safety. This article was chosen because it makes use of longitudinal data to identify the effect of the technology on actual patient harm and adverse drug events.

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An Evaluation of the Impact of Barcode Patient and Medication Scanning on Nursing Workflow at a UK Teaching Hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148.

Unlike most of the other articles, this article focuses on the effect of barcode technology on nursing workflow. The authors chose this topic because little is known about it, given that more researchers have focused on barcode technology’s impact on lessening medication errors. The research shows that barcode technology lessens the timeliness of medication administration, medication verification, patient identification, and the general patterns of workflows. The technology is said to have streamlined workflow, increasing patient identification to 100 percent from 74 percent and increasing the rate of medication scans, which are representative of a general increment in patient safety. This technology is important to nursing practice because it streamlines workflow, improving care quality. However, improper implementation could result in workarounds, and hence training of the interdisciplinary team on the proper use of the technology, particularly for nurses, is recommended. This article was chosen because it provides unique information not found in other articles regarding the impact of barcode technology on nursing workflow and, ultimately, patient safety.

Conclusion

The key learning from the articles is that there is strong evidence to prove the effectiveness of barcode medication administration in reducing medication administration errors and improving the general care and safety of patients. The articles suggest the need for proper training of the interdisciplinary team, particularly nurses, physicians, and pharmacists, in the use of barcode technology to enhance its efficacy. Effective communication is of utmost importance. Such organizational factors as resources, training programs, and employee empowerment are essential in the implementation of the technology. The technology requires proper training and education to enable confidence in its use and lessen resistance. Implementing the barcode technology is linked to increased patient safety and care, and satisfaction due to reduction of patient harm and medication administration errors. Proper training in the use of the technology will reduce costs linked to patient harm or even deaths in the organization and will also enhance interdisciplinary team productivity by streamlining workflow.

References

Barakat, S., & Franklin, B. D. (2020). An Evaluation of the Impact of Barcode Patient and Medication Scanning on Nursing Workflow at a UK Teaching Hospital. Pharmacy, 8(3), 148.

Strudwick, G., Reisdorfer, E., Warnock, C., Kalia, K., Sulkers, H., Clark, C.,& Booth, R. (2017). Factors Associated With Barcode Medication Administration Technology That Contribute to Patient Safety. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 0(0), 1-7.

Thompson, K. M., Swanson, K. M., Cox, D. L., Kirchner, R. B., Russell, J. J., Wermers, R. A., … & Naessens, J. M. (2018). Implementation of barcode medication administration to reduce patient harm. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 2(4), 342-351. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.09.001

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Question

Annotated Bibliography on Barcode Technology in Nursing

Write a 4-6 page annotated bibliography where you identify peer-reviewed publications that promote the use of a
selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing.
Before you begin to develop the assessment you are encouraged to complete the Annotated Bibliography
Formative Assessment. Completing this activity will help you succeed with the assessment and counts towards
course engagement.
Rapid changes in information technology go hand-in-hand with progress in quality health care delivery, nursing
practice, and interdisciplinary team collaboration. The following are only a few examples of how the health care field
uses technology to provide care to patients across multiple settings:

Patient monitoring devices.
Robotics.
Electronic medical records.
Data management resources.
Ready access to current science.

Technology is essential to the advancement of the nursing profession, maintaining quality care outcomes, patient
safety, and research.
This assessment will give you the opportunity to deepen your knowledge of how technology can enhance quality

and safety standards in nursing. You will prepare an annotated bibliography on technology in nursing. A well-
prepared annotated bibliography is a comprehensive commentary on the content of scholarly publications and other

sources of evidence about a selected nursing-related technology. A bibliography of this type provides a vehicle for
workplace discussion to address gaps in nursing practice and to improve patient care outcomes. As nurses become
more accountable in their practice, they are being called upon to expand their role of caregiver and advocate to
include fostering research and scholarship to advance nursing practice. An annotated bibliography stimulates
innovative thinking to find solutions and approaches to effectively and efficiently address these issues.

Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies
through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 3: Evaluate the impact of patient care technologies on desired outcomes.

Analyze current evidence on the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety, quality
of care, and the interdisciplinary team.
Integrate current evidence about the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety,
quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team into a recommendation.

Competency 4: Recommend the use of a technology to enhance quality and safety standards for patients.

Describe organizational factors influencing the selection of a technology in the health care setting.
Justify the implementation and use of a selected technology in a health care setting.

Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication to facilitate use of health information and patient
care technologies.

Create a clear, well-organized, and professional annotated bibliography that is generally free from
errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for all bibliographic entries.

Preparation
To successfully complete this assessment, perform the following preparatory activities:

Select a single direct or indirect patient care technology that is relevant to your current practice or that is of
interest to you. Direct patient care technologies require an interaction, or direct contact, between the nurse
and patient. Nurses use direct patient care technologies every day when delivering care to patients.

Electronic thermometers or pulse oximeters are examples of direct patient care technologies. Indirect patient
care technologies, on the other hand, are those employed on behalf of the patient. They do not require
interaction, or direct contact, between the nurse and patient. A handheld device for patient documentation is
an example of an indirect patient care technology. Examples of topics to consider for your annotated
bibliography include:

Delivery robots.
Electronic medication administration with barcoding.
Electronic clinical documentation with clinical decision support.
Patient sensor devices/wireless communication solutions.
Real-time location systems.
Telehealth.
Workflow management systems.

Conduct a library search using the various electronic databases available through the Capella University
Library.
Consult the BSN Program Library Research Guide for help in identifying scholarly and/or authoritative
sources.
Access the NHS Learner Success Lab, linked in the courseroom navigation menu, for additional
resources.

Scan the search results related to your chosen technology.
Select four peer-reviewed publications focused on your selected topic that are the most interesting to you.
Evaluate the impact of patient care technologies on desired outcomes.

Analyze current evidence on the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety, quality
of care, and the interdisciplinary team.
Integrate current evidence about the impact of a selected patient care technology on patient safety,
quality of care, and the interdisciplinary team into a recommendation.

Notes
Publications may be research studies or review articles from a professional source. Newspapers, magazines,
and blogs are not considered professional sources.
Your selections need to be current—within the last five years.

Annotated Bibliography Prepare a 4–6 page annotated bibliography in which you identify and describe peer-reviewed publications that
promote the use of your selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing. Be sure that your
annotated bibliography includes all of the following elements:

Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic
What is your rationale for selecting this particular technology topic? Why are you interested in this?
What research process did you employ?
What databases did you use?
What search terms did you use?

Note: In this section of your bibliography, you may use first person since you are asked to
describe your rationale for selecting the topic and the research strategies you employed. Use
third person in the rest of the bibliography, however.

Annotation Elements

For each resource, include the full reference followed by the annotation.
Explain the focus of the research or review article you chose.
Provide a summary overview of the publication.
According to this source, what is the impact of this technology on patient safety and quality of
care?
According to this source, what is the relevance of this technology to nursing practice and the
work of the interdisciplinary health care team?
Why did you select this publication to write about out of the many possible options? In other
words, make the case as to why this resource is important for health care practitioners to read.

Conclusion/Recommendation

How would you tie together the key learnings from each of the four publications you examined?
What organizational factors influence the selection of a technology in a health care setting? Consider
such factors as organizational policies, resources, culture/social norms, commitment, training programs,
and/or employee empowerment.
How would you justify the implementation and use of the technology in a health care setting? Consider
the impact of the technology on the health care organization, patient care/satisfaction, and
interdisciplinary team productivity, satisfaction, and retention.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the
scoring guide would look like:
Assessment 3 Example [PDF].
Additional Requirements

Written communication: Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall
message.
Length: 4–6-typed, double-spaced pages.
Number of resources: Cite a minimum of 4 peer-reviewed resources.
Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12 point.
APA: Follow APA style and formatting guidelines for all bibliographic entries.
Portfolio Prompt: Save your presentation to your ePortfolio. Submissions to the ePortfolio will be part of your final capstone course.

Annotated Bibliography on Barcode Technology in Nursing

Annotated Bibliography on Barcode Technology in Nursing

References

Annotated Bibliography on Barcode Technology in Nursing

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