Mental Healthcare for Adolescents & Children

Mental Healthcare for Adolescents & Children

Describe the behaviors apparent for each disorder in this scenario.

Adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) have continuous patterns of uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures such as parents that greatly affect the patient’s daily functioning (Ghosh et al., 2017). Ryan refuses to listen to adults and does not comply with school rules. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is chronic, and patients with ADHD have difficulties sustaining concentration, impulsivity, and hyperactive behaviors. When young Ryan could not settle in one place for long, he was usually an unhappy child and threw tantrums. He was very irritable.

If this behavior becomes worse and Ryan starts to violate the rights of others, what medical diagnosis will be given and why?

Ryan will be diagnosed with conduct disorders. It is diagnosed when children exhibit ongoing aggression patterns towards others and seriously violate rules at home, school, and with their peers. Children with conduct disorders are likely to injure themselves and have problems interacting with their peers.

Discuss at least two types of medication appropriate to treat Ryan and support your choices.

Studies have shown that psychostimulants such as methylphenidate effectively manage aggression in children with oppositional defiant disorder (Masi et al., 2017). Alpha agonists such as clonidine have also been proven to effectively manage aggressive symptoms in oppositional defiant disorder (Masi et al., 2017).

Describe why therapy for the parent is important in this scenario.

Involving the parent is crucial in managing ODD. Parental counseling will help them learn effective parenting strategies (Ghosh et al., 2017). They will be better placed to anticipate and be prepared for their nuisance behavior and respond to their tantrums and irrational behaviors. The strategies will include developing warm relationships with the child, ignoring irrational behaviors, and setting clear house rules that should be followed.

References

Ghosh, A., Ray, A., & Basu, A. (2017). Oppositional defiant disorder: current insight. Psychology research and behavior management. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S120582

Masi, G., Manfredi, A., Nieri, G., Muratori, P., Pfanner, C., & Milone, A. (2017). A naturalistic comparison of methylphenidate and risperidone monotherapy in drug-naive youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder and aggression. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 37(5), 590-594. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000747

Sayal, K., Prasad, V., Daley, D., Ford, T., & Coghill, D. (2018). ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(2), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30167-0

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Mental Healthcare for Adolescents & Children

Module 09 Discussion – Mental Healthcare for Adolescence & Children
Scenario
Ryan is a 12 year old diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). As a small child, Ryan was first diagnosed with Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder. He had just started preschool and was unable to remain in one place for more than a minute or two. His parents had already had a very difficult time in disciplining him because he would become very upset and throw temper tantrums when he could not do as he wished. He just seemed to be an unhappy, irritable child. This behavior continued in school. As time progressed, Ryan was diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder, because he continued to refuse to listen to adults and comply with the rules.

By the age of 12, he has begun to bully and annoy others. His parents have decided that the approaches they have used in the past are not working, and they are more afraid his behavior will only get worse.

Initial Post
Provide explanations for these questions and statements:

1. Describe the behaviors apparent for each disorder in this scenario (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder).
2. If this behavior becomes worse and Ryan starts to violate the rights of others, what medical diagnosis will be given and why?
3. Discuss at least two types of medication appropriate to treat Ryan and support your choices with rationale and credible resources
4. Describe why therapy for the parent is important in this scenario including at least two supporting rationales.